HISTORY OF PAKISTAN

3000 - 1500 BC

 Indus Civilization.

1700 BC

Aryans invade from Central Asia.

516 BC

Northern Pakistan becomes the easternmost province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.

327 - 325 BC

Alexander the Great invades Pakistan.

272 - 236 BC

Mauryan Emperor Ashoka promotes Buddhism.

185 BC

Bactrian Greeks conquer northwest Pakistan.

75 BC

Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from Central Asia.

20 AD

Parthians conquer northern Pakistan.

60 AD

Kushans from Central Asia overthrow the Parthians.

3rd Century

Kushans decline and are dominated by the Sassanian Empire of Persia

4th Century

Kidar (Little) Kushans come to power.

445

White Huns invade Gandhara and are converted to Hinduism, possibly as the Rajput warrior caste.

565

Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns.

Late 6th - 7th Century

Turki Shahis control area west of Indus, including Gandhara.

711

Mohammad Bin Qasim conquers Sindh and southern Punjab

870

Hindu Shahis arrive from Central Asia

1001 - 26

Mahmud of Ghaznavi invades. Mass conversions to Islam.

1034 -1337

Sindh ruled by Sumrahs, a Sindhi tribe

1150

Mohammad Ghuri destroys the Kingdome of Mahmud Ghaznavi.

1194

Mohammad Ghuri makes Delhi the capital of the empire

1206 - 1526 Delhi Sultanate

Delhi Sultanate established by Ilbari Dynasty

At the time of Muhammd Ghuri's death in 1206 (had no sons), Qutbuddin Aibak was in Lahore, where he assumed the sovereign powers as he was elected Sultan by the Amirs. The assumption of sovereign powers by Qutbuddin Aibak in 1206 is regarded as the foundation of the Sultanate Delhi.

1221

The Mongol, Genghiz Khan invades Punjab

1290-1320 Khalji Dynasty

Marks the end of the Turks rule.

Among the Khaljis, Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) reign is known for revenue reforms, market regulations and conquests.

1320-1412 Tuqhluq Dynasty

Tuqhluq were from 'Qarauna Turk' tribe.

Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughluq Shah (Ghazi Malik) founder of third dynasty of the Sultanate.

Among the Tughluq dynastry, Mohammad Tughluq and Firuz Tughluq are most popular.

1337

Sammah Rajputs overthrow the Sumrahs in Sindh

1398-9

Tamerlane invades from Central Asia

1414-51 The Saiyids

Khizr Khan was the founder of the Saiyid dynasty.

Alauddin Alam Shah was the last ruler.

1451-1526 The Lodhis

Lodhis were Afghans

Bahlol Lodhi was the founder of this dynasty.

The last Lodhi Sultan, Ibrahim Ladhi (1517-26) was killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat.

1526

The Sultanate of Delhi ended

Babur defeats the Lodis, the last of the Delhi sultans, and establishes the Mughal Empire

Tarkhans capture power in Sindh.

1524

Babur, first Mughal emperor, rais Punjab

Sindh conquered by Shah Beg Arghun from Kandahar.

Amir Chakar Rind unites Balochi tribes and defeats Sammahs.

1527 - 1857 The Mughal Empire

Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur son of Umar Shaikh Mirza -- The first Mughal Emeror (1526-30) and founder of  the Mughal empire in India.

March 16 -- A decisive battle took place with Rana Songa of Mewar, a powerful Rajput prince.

Babur's autobiography Tuzuk-i-Bauri (Babur Namah) written in Turki.

1530

December 26 -- Babur died in Agra.

Humyun become the Mughal emperor.

Humayun reign 1530, 40, 1555-6.

1540

Suri Dynasty (1540-55)

Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kanauj and became the emperor.

Humayun is forced into exile in Persia by Sher Shah Suri.

1545

Death of Sher Shah Suri.

1555

Humayun regains empire.

1556

Akbar, son of Humayun, is emperor (1556-1605)

Humayun died after falling from his library (Sher Mandil) stairs.

Thirteen years old Humayun's son Akbar becomes the emperor.

Akbar is famous for his liberal policies especially towards non-Muslims.

Akbar contributed greatly in Indian music. Tansen was the most accomplished musician of that days.

1527

Jahangir is emperor (1605-27)

After Akbar, his son Salim becomes emperor. Salim took the title of Jehagir (Conqueror of the world).

Jehangir's reign consider be the peak of Mughal rule (and his son's reign).

1528

Sha Jahan is emperor (1627-59)

After Jehangir, his son Khurram becomes the empror of Mughal emperor. Khurram took the title of Shah Jehan (Emperor of the World)

The Mughal Empire was at its zenith during Shah Jehan's rule.

1583

Queen Elizabeth I dispatched the ship Tyger to the sub-continent to exploit opportunities for trade.

1614

The British East India Company opens its first office in Bombay.

1658

Aurangzeb Alamgir is emperor (1658-1707).

Sikhs organize as a warrior sect.

1707

Aurangzeb Alamgir died

His death regards as the beginning of the end of Mughal empires.

Aurangzeb Alamgir's son bahadur Shah Zafar becomes the last emperor of Mughal dynastry.

1736

Founding of Kalhora Dynasty in Sindh

1739

Nadir Shah of Persia invades the subcontinent.

1747-73

Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Kingdom of Afghanistan and acquires Indus territories, Punjab and Kashmir.

1757

The battle of Plassey is considered a major breakthrough for the Britishers in the Subcontinent.

1707 - 1762

Shah wali Ullah's Reform Movement.

1760-1830

Sikhs become dominate force in Pubjab.

1789

Talpur Balochis overthrow Kalhora Dynazty in Sindh

1799-1839

Ranjit Singh rules Punjab from Lahore.

1830

Faraizi Movement (1830-57)

1843

British annex Sindh.

First British-Afghan War

1845-6

First British-Sikh War

1848-9

The British defeat the Sikhs in Second Sikh War, annex Punjab and NWFP

1857

First War of Independence (Mutiny)

1858

British government assumes direct rule of British East India Company lands, establishes British Raj Aligarh Movement (1858-98)

1866

Deoband Movement (1866-1947)

1884

Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore (1884-1947)

1885

Establishment of Indian National Congress

1887

All districts of Balochistan in British hands

1889

British establish Gilgit Agency

1891

British conquer Hunza and Nagar

1894

Nadva-tul-'Ulama of Lucknow (1894-1947)

1906

December 30 -- The annual meeting of Mohammadan Educational Conference held at Dacca under the chairmanship of Nawab Viqar ul Mulk. In the meeting Nawab Salim ullah Khan presented a proposal to establish a political party, All India Muslim League, to safeguard the interests of the Muslims.

All India Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism

1916

The Lucknow Pact

1919

The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)

1930

Mohammad Iqbal proposes creation of separate Muslim state

1940

Lahore Resolution, which endorses idea of separate nation for India's Muslims, to be called Pakistan.

1947

June 3 -- the British Government accepted the idea of partition of India.

July 18 -- The British Parliament passes the Indian Independence Act.

July 19 -- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister.

 August 14 -- Birth of Pakistan, consisting of East Bengal, a part of Assam (Sylhet), West Punjab, Sind, NWFP and Baluchistan.

Some 15 million people flee religious persecution, Muslim fleeing to East and West Pakistan, while Hindus flee to India. An estimated one million people are killed in widespread communal violence and millions are made homeless.

Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935 (with certain adaptations) becomes constitution of Pakistan.

August 15 -- Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of Muslim League becomes first governor-general  and Liaquat Ali Khan(1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister of the new nation.

1948

September 11 --  Quid-e-Azam  Dies and Kashmir Crisis Starts.

September 14 --  Cheif Minister of Bengal Khwaja Nazimuddin (1894-1964) of Muslim League becomes second governor-general.

The first war with India over Kashmir